The replacement of Cl in chlorobenzene to for | vedclass

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(D) The presence of electron-withdrawing groups like $-NO_2$ at the ortho and para positions relative to the halogen atom significantly activates the

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$NO_2$ withdraws $e^-$ from the ortho and para positions.

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(D) The presence of electron-withdrawing groups like $-NO_2$ at the ortho and para positions relative to the halogen atom significantly activates the benzene ring toward nucleophilic aromatic substitution.This occurs because the $-NO_2$ group stabilizes the carbanion intermediate (Meisenheimer complex) formed during the reaction by withdrawing electron density through both inductive and resonance effects.In $2,4-$dinitrochlorobenzene,the two $-NO_2$ groups are located at the ortho and para positions,which effectively delocalize the negative charge of the intermediate,thereby lowering the activation energy for the substitution reaction.

The replacement of $Cl$ in chlorobenzene to form phenol requires drastic conditions,but the chlorine in $2,4-$dinitrochlorobenzene is readily replaced because:

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